Collagen XXIII: A novel biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer

Children's Hospital Boston
posted on 12/08/2011

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Collagen XXIII was originally identified by Dr. Bruce Zetter's group as a transmembrane collagen in prostate carcinoma cells in 2003 and was shown to be upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer.|| In 2007, Dr. Zetter's studies detected Collagen XXIII protein at very low levels in benign prostate tissue, whereas a significant increase in Collagen XIII in was seen in prostate cancer. Distant metastases exhibited significantly higher collagen XXIII levels compared with either localized prostate cancer or regional (lymph node) metastases. Patients with high collagen XXIII levels had a 2.8-fold higher risk of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) failure with median time to failure of 8.1 months, compared with low collagen XXIII patients with a median time to failure of 5 years. The presence of collagen XXIII was significantly associated with time to PSA recurrence, independent of other clinical variables. Collagen XXIII was also detected in prostate cancer patient urine, with reduced levels after prostatectomy, indicating potential as a noninvasive fluid biomarker.|| In additional studies published in 2010, Dr. Zetter's lab found that collagen XXIII could be used as a tissue and urinary biomarker for NSCLC, in which positivity in tissue or urine significantly correlates with the presence of NSCLC and high staining intensity is a significant recurrence predictor. Dr. Zetter's studies found that Collagen XXIII was present in tissue samples from a variety of cancers. Within lung cancer tissues, collagen XXIII staining was enriched in NSCLC subtypes. Collagen XXIII was present in 294 of 333 (88%) lung adenocarcinomas and 97 of 133 (73%) squamous cell carcinomas. || Moreover, a 2011 study published in Oncogene suggests a potential role for collagen XXIII in mediating metastasis and cancer progression by facilitating cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion as well as anchorage independent cell growth.