TRIM5alpha for Restricting HIV-1 Infection

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
posted on 02/04/2009

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Cells of the Old World monkey are resistant to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. This technology is based upon recent studies that reveal the molecular species responsible for this resistance, the TRIM5alpha protein. Specifically, the simian version of TRIM5alpha protein has been shown to be more effective than the human form in preventing HIV-1 infection. Recent studies indicate that the simian TRIM5alpha is detrimental to viral capsule disassembly, which is a pivotal step for further infection.

Applications/Advantages: This technology promises several exciting applications. First, this opens the possibility to a new class of powerful HIV therapies. For example, monkey TRIM5alpha may be supplied to uninfected human cells to prevent HIV infection. Alternatively, this technology identifies key differences between human and simian TRIM5alpha, which can guide modification to provide a more potent human form. Finally, this technology lays the foundation for developing improved primate models of AIDS that more closely mimic the human disease. This in turn facilitates development of additional therapeutic approaches against HIV.