Dynamic Scaffolds To Promote Cell Differentiation

University of California System: University of California, Merced
posted on 06/01/2011

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Differentiation of stem cells towards specific functional cell types is a lengthy process (as long as two months in some cases); in applications such as cell-based therapy, it is necessary to accelerate stem cell differentiation. While chemicals are used currently for this purpose, mechanical stimulation of cells might offer a more rapid and easily-controlled acceleration method. Recent reports indicate that application of mechanical forces on cytoskeletons can alter cytoskeletal organization and the cellular properties, including cell morphology, stiffness, and contractility. Thus, it would be desirable to have a practical and inexpensive means for generating and precisely controlling forces acting on stem cells over the course of their development. Such a system might also prove to be valuable in other applications where control over cell differentiation or over certain cell functions (e.g. secretion) is desired.

The UCM dynamic scaffold system might be employed in a number of applications that could benefit from more rapid stem cell differentation or from other cellular processes that are affected by mechanical forces, including:

• stem cell therapy;
• induced secretion of desired peptides, proteins, or hormones;
• prevention of tumor relapse via differentiation of residual cancer stem cells;
• induction of cell proliferation for wound healing; and
• research on tumor formation.

The UCM dynamic scaffold system offers:

• ease of cell migration into scaffold pores, where forces can be generated on the cells without harming them;
• volume and pore size changes that can facilitate influx of nutrients and efflux of waste;
• tunability of applied forces, where the frequency and magnitude of forces can be controlled to optimize acceleration of stem cell differentation, including isostatic forces as well as tension and compression; and
• adaptability of the scaffolding material for adding desired properties such as mechanical toughness, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, or electrical conductivity, or for copolymerizing with other useful materials to regulate surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, or immunogenic responses.